Toki Pawole in 12 Steps

A complete and simple grammar and vocab guide for Toki Pawole, the language of infinity!

What is Toki Pawole?

Toki Pawole is a simple constructed language. A constructed language, or conlang, is one that a person or group made, rather than arising naturally. Natural languages include Arabic, Hawaiian, and Spanish.

Toki Pawole has an origin in toki pona, but the two have multiple key differences that make the two not mutually intelligible, and therefore separate languages.

toki pona has 130 or so words, depending on who you're asking. This is because it's a minimalist artlang that tries to fit all human experience into these words. Toki Pawole has 312 words, which is still much, much fewer than natural languages, but keeping a small vocabulary is less of a focus. Toki Pawole's goal is to make simple communication easier by adding more features from natural languages.

Comparisons between Toki Pawole and toki pona ▼

Semantic spaces are a grouping of all the meanings a word can encompass, and Toki Pawole's semantic spaces are very large. While an ordinary word in English like "bottle" can mean a lot of things, the Toki Pawole word for "bottle," poki, could also mean "box," "bag," "drawer," or "cup." This is similar to content words in toki pona.

Toki Pawole's semantic spaces are smaller than toki pona's though, because it has more words. It can talk about more complicated things easily—things that you would have to use more than one word for in toki pona. Toki Pawole has, for example: talika "chart, graph, list, table," talili "finger, count," kake "result, effect," and koli "follow, obey."

Toki Pawole's sentences are made with short words called particles, and they help guide other words and help interpret what they really mean. toki pona has these same word categories. Toki Pawole's grammar is simple too, smoothly incorporating lots of things in natural languages, like relative clauses and infinitives, that toki pona doesn't have. It's also more flexible, and has more particles than toki pona, allowing you to do more with your speech.

This page is meant to go step by step through the different aspects and layers of Toki Pawole, how to write, read, pronounce and build Toki Pawole sentences, with each step having one or more of the 59 Toki Pawole rules. They'll be referenced like this,^[e.g.] based on this list of all of the rules in Toki Pawole sorted into 17 neat categories. By the end, you'll have known them all.

o komumo te kama sona a!

o komumo te kama sona a

Step 1 - Reading and Writing

Covers: 1a 1b 1c 2a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f 2g 2h 2i 2j 2k 3 4a

This step will basically be everything we need to know before putting actual words together, like learning to read and pronounce stuff. The rules in this category fall under Phonetics and Phonology.

First off, there are 2 ways to write Toki Pawole. The latin alphabet, what you’re reading this text in right now, and Lapisa Pawole, a logography like what Mandarin does.

tijato la, sike li jo no e insa

tijato la sike li jo2 no e insa

In math, spheres do not have insides.

In Lapisa Pawole, words are arranged left to right, or top to bottom. To end a sentence, you can:

1. Add a sizable space.

waso li waso. kala li kala

waso li waso kala2 li kala2

Birds fly, fish swim.

2. Add a line break.

waso li waso. kala li kala

waso li waso

kala2 li kala2

Birds fly, fish swim.

3. Or you can add an ending sentence dot, which might be confused for a dot of the previous glyph.

waso li waso. kala li kala

waso li waso. kala2 li kala2

Birds fly, fish swim.

If you're using the Latin alphabet to write Toki Pawole, then there are only 14 letters.^[1a] Letters do not need to be capitalized, and each letter is pronounced one way, the same as in the IPA.^[1b] Click the links to get linked to the wikipedia article for each sound. These are the vowels, which are sounds you make by wiggling your vocal cords with your mouth open:

a e i o u

And these are the consonants, sounds you make by restricting airflow in a place in your mouth. They're mostly pronounced the same as English, except j is pronounced like English y.

j k l m n p s t w

waso li waso. kala li kala

For a language, only having 14 separate sounds is pretty low. English has around 40, and Spanish has 24. The amount of sounds in Toki Pawole is deliberately low. By having fewer sounds, you lower the number of sound distinctions, and this makes pronunciation easier for speakers of any language.

A phoneme is the abstract representation of a sound. It's kind of like saying "The s sound in English." Even though s makes different sounds in the word "span" and "is." Slashes represent them. A phone is the actual sound being made. You use the IPA for this. The s sounds in "span" and "is" would be two different phones. [s] and [z]. Brackets represent them. Phonemes are allowed to change pronunciation, but phones aren't.

p, t, and k ▼

Words that start with p, t, and k in English have a little puff of air while they're pronounced. This is called aspiration, and it's technically not how you pronounce them in Toki Pawole.

Really, you leave out the puff of air. You can see this changing after s in words like "span," "stick," and "ski." Notice how the puff of air is gone? However, it's perfectly fine to change the sounds of Toki Pawole to make them easier for you to pronounce. You are allowed to keep them aspirated.^[1c]

w ▼

Similarly, speakers of some Slavic languages like Russian aren't able to pronounce [w]. Because those languages have a [v] sound, they are allowed to change how they pronounce [w] to [v]. This doesn't apply to just Slavic speakers either, anyone who can't pronounce [w] can change it to [v].^[1c]

e ▼

These rules even apply to vowels. English speakers, (me included), tend to have a hard time pronouncing e as [e] the whole time, usually lowering it down to [ɛ]. This is perfectly fine! Because [e] and [ɛ] aren't separate sounds in Toki Pawole, so you can replace one for the other without any consequences.

s ▼

If you speak with a lisp, or speak a language where the /s/ is pronounced differently, that's fine! There are no other sounds that are similar to /s/, so pronouncing it like [z] or [θ] is okay.^[1c]

n ▼

n appears a lot at the end of words, and when it comes before other consonants, they can change based on their place of articulation, where the sound is pronounced in your mouth. /t/, /s/, and /n/ should have the same place of articulation, so nothing changes. If /n/ comes before /p/ or /w/, since these are made with the lips, /n/ can be pronounced as [m]. If /n/ comes before /k/, since it's made at the back of the mouth with the tongue, /n/ can be pronounced as [ŋ]. If /n/ comes before /j/, since it's made at the roof of the mouth, /n/ can be pronounced as [ɳ].^[1c]

ti, si, and ki ▼

Some speakers can't clearly distinguish /ti/, /si/, and /ki/ because before /i/, all three sounds tend to shift forward in the mouth and become more similar in pronunciation. For example, in Japanese, /ti/ becomes [tɕi], /si/ becomes [ɕi], and /ki/ becomes [kʲi], making them sound alike and hard to tell apart. A solution is to voice /t/, or wiggle your vocal cords while pronouncing it, which makes it sound different.^[1c]

All this shows that phones are allowed to shift to "fit the mouths" of the people pronouncing them.^[1c]

Syllables

Syllables are "beats" of speech. For the most part, in Toki Pawole, most syllables contain only one vowel. There are no diphthongs, which occur when multiple vowels are pronounced within a single syllable, as in the word “fire.” ^[2a] The only exception is n, which has no vowel.

Syllables can also have a starting consonant, which can be any consonant. Syllables that don’t have a starting consonant can only occur at the beginning of a word. For example, a•ke•ti, with three syllables, has one without a starting consonant. But that syllable is the first syllable, so it’s still allowed.^[2b]

Syllables can end with n. Not all syllables end with it. lan•pan has both syllables ending with n. ko•mu•mo has no syllables that end with n. lin•ja has both types.^[2c]

Words are made of up to 3 syllables. a, nun and in have 1 syllable, po•ka, sin•pin and kon•ta have 2 syllables, and ma•ka•lan, ti•wa•ta and ti•je•lo have 3 syllables.^[2d]

nm and nn are not allowed in any word at all, along with wu and ji. So are double vowels, like ai or ua, but the above rules make these impossible.^[2e][2f]

All these rules add up to make this chart, showing every possible syllable in Toki Pawole. You don’t have to memorize this chart though, because it’s much easier to memorize the rules.

	-	j-	k-	l-	m-	n-	-p	s-	t-	w-
-a	a	ja	ka	la	ma	na	pa	sa	ta	wa
-e	e	je	ke	le	me	ne	pe	se	te	we
-i	i		ki	li	mi	ni	pi	si	ti	wi
-o	o	jo	ko	lo	mo	no	po	so	to	wo
-u	u	ju	ku	lu	mu	nu	pu	su	tu
-an	an	jan	kan	lan	man	nan	pan	san	tan	wan
-en	en	jen	ken	len	men	nen	pen	sen	ten	wen
-in	in		kin	lin	min	nin	pin	sin	tin	win
-on	on	jon	kon	lon	mon	non	pon	son	ton	won
-un	un	jun	kun	lun	mun	nun	pun	sun	tun

Words

Stress is emphasis given to a syllable, by saying it louder, longer or higher. It’s the difference between “object,” as in “Hand me that object.” and “object,” as in “Your honor, I object!” Stress is placed on the first syllable of each Toki Pawole word.^[2g]

Words are separated by spaces, sentences are separated by periods, question marks or exclamation points, depending on the tone of the sentence, or line breaks.^[2k] If a sentence is at the end or by itself, it does not need a period at the end.

Just like English, pauses can occur due to punctuation and moving through different parts of the sentence. For example, have you realized that at the end of questions in English, your voice starts to rise in pitch? (Try it on questions like “What?” or “Who?”) Stressing sentences based on tone/punctuation isn’t necessary due to how Toki Pawole structures its sentences, but I recommend it because it makes you sound less robotic.^[2h][2i]

ona li moku. kalite moku ona li sama soweli

ona li moku kalite moku ona li sama soweli

They are eating. Their eating type is like an animal.

Words are the smallest unit of meaning in Toki Pawole. In English, you can break words down into parts that still mean something. “Indestructable,” “in-” means not, “-destruct-” means destroy, “-able” means able. In Toki Pawole, breaking words down doesn’t work like that. Words mean what they mean, not what their pieces mean.^[3]

There are 312 separate standard words in the Toki Pawole dictionary, like leko, lupa, liso and la.^[4a] We will learn about all of them in the following 11 steps. In this step, we covered 15 out of the 59 rules of Toki Pawole. That’s a little over 25%! We’re on our way.

(Next is Step 2 - Simple Sentences)

To Step 2

Step 2 - Simple Sentences

Covers: 5a 5b 5c 11a 11b 11c 11d

Now it’s time to make some actual sentences! Starting with vocabulary. At the beginning of each step, I’ll introduce a few new words. Such as:

mi mi - me
si si - you
on on - they, he, she, it
ni ni - this, that
ijo ijo - thing, something
pali pali - do, make, create, work, task, project
wolin wolin - love
ilo ilo - tool, device, machine
jan jan - someone, person, somebody, humankind, people
soweli soweli - land mammal, dog, cat
waso waso - bird, flying animal, to fly
tomo tomo - house, building
luka luka - hand, touch, feel
lipu lipu - book, paper, flag, ticket, flat thing
tawa tawa - move, walk, run, movement
toki toki - talk, communication, speech, talk about
pona pona - good, well
ike ike - bad, negative, irrelevant
jo jo - have, contain, own
moku moku - food, eat
kili kili - fruit
pan pan - bread

And the foci of this step, e e and li li. They are a type of word particles. Particles have no meaning attached to them. Instead, they help rearrange other words to build the sentence's shape. This is opposed to content words, which have meaning and refer to actions, things, manners, degrees or qualities.^[11a]

The shape of a typical sentence in English is like this. The subject goes at the beginning of the sentence. The subject is the thing the sentence is talking about. The verb goes in the middle. The verb is what the subject is doing. The object goes at the end. The object recieves the verb from the subject.

In the sentence "I ate a sandwich," "I" is the subject, "ate" is the verb, and "a sandwich" is the object. This means that English has a SVO (subject-verb-object) word order. Not all sentences have an object though, and the verb and object together is called the predicate.

Toki Pawole also has the same word order.^[5a] The predicate particle li li separates the subject from the predicate.^[5b] It introduces a verb, which means whatever comes before is doing whatever comes after.

ijo li tawa

Something is moving.

jan li pali

People create.

Here's a reminder that sentences in toki pawole can mean lots of different things at once, because the semantic spaces are very large. jan li pali can mean "Humankind creates," "A person is building," or "People do."^[11b]Most Toki Pawole words don't specify time, place, gender, purpose, amount etc. Like the word "umbrella" doesn't specify what color the umbrella is, jan doesn't specify how many people there are, or where they are, or when they are. You'll figure out how to specify those things in a later step.^[11c]

That means this:

jan li pali

can mean any one of these:^[11d]

Humankind creates.

A person is building.

People make things.

li works differently with pronouns. Pronouns are words that stand in for other words, so you don't have to keep saying them over and over again. Think words like "he," "hers," "it," "themself," etc. The pronouns we introduced in this step are mi mi, si si, on on and ni ni. It's standard to drop li after mi and si, but for on and ni, it's optional to drop li.

mi, si and on

mi mi is a 1st person singular pronoun. This means that it only refers to one singular person, the first person. The first person is the speaker.

It is similar to the words "me," "my," or "I" in English.

si si is a 2nd person singular pronoun. This means that it only refers to one singular person, the second person. The second person is who or what the speaker is talking to, the listener.

It is similar to the words "you," or "your" in English. However, "you" in English can be used to adress multiple people, but si can't.

on on is a 3rd person singular pronoun. This means that it only refers to one singular person, the third person. The third person is something or someone who's not the speaker or the listener.

It is similar to the words "he," "she," "it," "its," "hers," or singular "they" in English. However, on is not gendered, so there's no specific way to say "he" or "she."

So these would be correct:

mi toki

I'm talking.

And these are wrong.

mi li toki*

mi li toki

I'm talking*

You can use e e to introduce the object. Use it after the verb to add a recipient to the verb.

on li tawa

They move.

on li tawa e tomo

They move the house.

soweli li jo e kili

The animal has a fruit.

Toki Pawole doesn't have words like "a" or "the," so you can imply them when translating to English.

Putting e right after the subject turns it into a copula. Like the word "is" in "He is a person," or "That is orange," e right after a subject is used to introduce nouns and modifiers.

mi e jan

I am a person.

pali e pona

Work is good.

Tip

li li after the subject introduces verbs. e e after the subject introduces nouns, modifiers and prepositions. e e after the verb introduces the object, the recipient of the verb.

Here, try it for yourself! See if you can translate the sentence from Toki Pawole to English, then click on the spoiler to reveal it. Remember that Toki Pawole sentences can mean a wide variety of different things, so it doesn't matter if your translations aren't exact.

ni li tawa

This is moving.

wolin e pona lipu e ike

Love is good. Books are bad.

tomo e lipu

The house is flat. (I would have also accepted: The house is a book.)

And see if you can translate these from English to Toki Pawole:

A person is flying. They are bad.

jan li waso. on e ike

The animal is good. It's making a tool.

soweli li pona. on li pali e ilo

soweli li pona on li pali e ilo

This worsens you.

ni li ike e si

ni li ike e si on li pali e ilo

mi si on ni ijo pali

wolin ilo jan soweli waso tomo

luka lipu tawa toki pona ike

jo moku kili pan li e

In this step, we went over 24 out of 312 Toki Pawole words, and next, we'll introduce 36 new ones!

(Next is Step 3 - Complex Sentences)

To Step 3

Step 3 - Complex Sentences

Covers: 5d 5e 5f 5g 6a 6b 6c 6d

mina mina - we, our
sina sina - you, your
ona ona - they, them, their
konta konta - read, understand, comprehend
lanpan lanpan - steal, recieve, take
pana pana - send, give, emit, gift
poki poki - box, cup, bucket, container
ma ma - dirt, earth, ground, point in space
kasi kasi - plant
kaje kaje - tree
kiki kiki - spiky, rough, corner, mace
lo lo - water, liquid
pipi pipi - bug, insect, spider
tanse tanse - dance, jump
seli seli - heat, fire, cook
nuwan nuwan - chill, cold, freeze, raw
suli suli - large
lili lili - small

Before we start, try to see if you can translate these sentences:

jan li wolin e pali

People love to work.

The person loves work.

Movement is good

tawa e pona

In this step, we'll go over complex sentences with more parts than usual. But first, new pronouns!

Pronouns

mina mina, sina sina and ona ona are just like their singular counterparts, except they talk about multiple people at a time.

mina, 1st person plural, is like "we" in English, but specifically exclusive "we." It means "me and another person" (or other people), and not you.

sina, 2nd person plural, is like "you" in English, but it specifically talks about multiple people.

ona, 3rd person plural, is like if you pointed to a crowd and said, "look at them!" ona is like plural they.

You do not drop li for any of these words.

jan li pana e lipu li toki e ona

The person is giving out books and talking about them.

When you repeat li, you are introducing multiple verbs and making it so the subject is doing two things. Usually the things that come later happen after or are subservient to things that come before. Also, notice how ona is referring to the books in this case.^[5d]

e works similarly here. The two objects come after the two verbs.

Duplicating li after mi and si is tricky, because you drop li after those pronouns. There are 3 posibilities:

1. Go without li.

mi lanpan e pan li pana e kili

I steal the bread and give out fruit.

2. Re-add li.

mi li lanpan e pan li pana e kili

I steal the bread and give out fruit.

Both are valid.

There is no limit to how many verbs you can have to a subject. They don’t even have to match. One verb can have an object, and the other can be intransitive.

ona li konta e lipu li seli

They read books and cook.

You can even have multiple objects to a verb.

soweli li lanpan e kasi e kaje

The animal hoards plants and trees.

Mixing copulas in with verbs and repeating them is an option too, but be careful. There’s a certain order you have to put them in.^[5e]

poki li jo e kiki e ike

The box has spikes and is bad*

The box has spikes and badness.

The first translation is wrong, while the second is correct. To say the first translation, you have to rearrange your sentence so that the copula comes before any verbs.

poki e ike li jo e kiki

The box is bad and has spikes.

But what if you want multiple subjects? Well, that’s where en en comes in. en en goes in between subjects to show that multiple things are doing the verb.^[5e]

mi en si li tanse

Me and you are dancing.

Replacing li with eki eki or eta eta changes the tense of the verb. Tense is when the verb occured. eki is for future tense, and eta is for past tense. You do not drop these after mi and si.

mi en si eki tanse

Me and you will dance.

Me and you are going to dance.

mi en si eta tanse

Me and you have danced.

Me and you danced.

Finally, you can use anu in the subject, verb, object, or after the copula to add another posibility, like the word "or."^[5g]

mi pana e moku anu ilo.

I'm giving food or tools.

mi pana anu lanpan e moku

I'm giving or taking food.

mi e wiki anu lansan

I'm either fast or slow.

pipi e lili. soweli e lili anu suli

Bugs are small. Land mammals are either small or big.

lo e ike li nuwan e mi

Water is bad and makes me cold.

ma en lo li pali e kasi e kaje

Soil makes plants and trees.

This was the first half, where we went over how to duplicate parts of sentences. Here is the vocab for the second half:

wiki wiki - quick, fast, quickly
lansan lansan - slow, lazy
nasa nasa - weird, strange, unusual
satalan satalan - normal, usual, predetermined
linja linja - line, string, rope, bendy thing
miko miko - short, brief
tiju tiju - long, thin
no no - not, nothing, 0
lentu lentu - smooth
pakala pakala - ruin, break, crack, destroy
pilin pilin - heart, feeling, feel
suno suno - sun
paku paku - block off, jail, trap
ajuta ajuta - help, aid, support, fix

And the foci, pi pi and ipi ipi. In the English sentence, "I saw the big red ball," "big" and "red" act as modifiers to "ball." You can do this in Toki Pawole too, except they come after what they modify.^[6a]

soweli wiki

fast animal

hare

You can add as many modifiers as you like, and they all modify everything that comes before them.

jan li satalan e pilin wolin nasa

People are normalizing weird feelings of love.

In English, you have to say "big red ball," and not "red big ball," but there isn't a set order like this in Toki Pawole, except for a few exceptions.

When you use a pronoun as a modifier, then it shows ownership. Most of the time, pronouns should go last.^[6b]

mi wolin no e ajuta nasa si

I don't love your weird help.

lipu ni e miko

This book is short.

pilin pilin is a useful word. You can use it with pona or ike or other words to describe how you feel.

Also, here's a reminder that Toki Pawole is subjective, so when you say something is good or bad, you're saying it in your opinion.

on li pilin ike

They feel bad.

But here's a problem. Let's say you want to talk about a tool of long rope. You could say:

ilo linja tiju

But that would mean:

long, rope-tool.

What's the difference? A tool of long rope would be a grappling hook, which itself isn't long or ropey. However, a long rope-tool would be a climbing rope, because it is long, and a rope-tool.

It would be nice if we had a way to group linja tiju together, so it modified ilo. Oh wait, there is!

ilo pi linja tiju

tool of long rope

pi takes everything after it, groups it and makes it modify whatever comes before it. You can even have multiple pi, but be carerful, they'll nest and keep modifing smaller and smaller things!^[6c]

pakala pi paku pi suli suno

mistake of sun-sized traps

ipi closes the previous group and opens a new one, that modifies whatever came before the previous group. ^[6d]It un-nests the modifiers. These uses of pi and ipi are called modifier phrases, and the thing(s) that the modifier(s) are modifying is called the head word(s).

pakala pi paku ipi suli suno

mistake of traps and also of sun-size

jan suli ipi pilin

person of big and also of many feelings

big ol' softie

Now try it for yourself! See if you can translate the sentence from Toki Pawole to English, then click on the spoiler to reveal it. Remember that Toki Pawole sentences can mean a wide variety of different things, so it doesn't matter if your translations aren't exact.

mi tawa pi wiki soweli

I'm traveling the speed of an animal.

mi pana e ilo e kasi

I donate tools and plants. (I'll also accept synonyms to "donate", like "give.")

And now try translating these from English to Toki Pawole:

I'm not dancing and I'm not moving.

mi (li) tanse no li tawa no

mi li tanse no li tawa no

This box makes a weird chill.

poki ni li pali e nuwan nasa

mina sina ona wiki lansan konta

miko tiju no ma kasi kaje

kiki lentu lo pipi pakala pilin

tanse suno seli nuwan paku ajuta

suli lili en anu pi ipi

eki eta

In this step, we went over 38 new words, in total that's 62 out of 312 Toki Pawole words, and next, we'll introduce 30 new ones!

(Next is Step 4 - Preverbs)

To Step 4

Step 4 - Preverbs

Covers: 7

kokan kokan - try, attempt
open open - start, open, begin, beginning
pini pini - end, stop, ending
awen awen - ongoing, unchanged, unmoving
onta onta - rhythm, beat, wave, blink, repeating
sona sona - knowlege, know
ken ken - can, permitted to
anku anku - supposed to, fate, destiny
kama kama - become, come
weka weka - leave, turn from
jaki jaki - gross, dirt, filth
sapi sapi - clean, soap
suwi suwi - sweet, sugar, cute
peson peson - have to, required to, must
wilen wilen - want, desire, want to
aketi aketi - amphibian, lizard
ito ito - color
sini sini - dark blue, indigo
loje loje - red
laso laso - cyan
weta weta - green
jelo jelo - yellow
unu unu - purple
alani alani - orange
kapesi kapesi - brown, gray
lukin lukin - look, look at, see
sitelen sitelen - paint, painting, picture
kute kute - hear, hear
kalama kalama - sound, noise
lupa lupa - hole

Preverbs are verbs that "modify" other verbs in their own way, and they go before the verbs they're "modifying."^[7] The only preverbs are: kokan kokan, open open, pini pini, awen awen, onta onta, sona sona, ken ken, anku anku, kama kama, weka weka, peson peson and wilen wilen.

kokan means "to attempt to." When it comes before a verb, it shows that the verb is being attempted. kokan should not be used as a verb by itself.

Examples ▼

ona eki kokan sapi e ilo ona

They will try to clean up their devices.

open means "to start to," and pini means "to finish." They can serve as verbs by themselves. They also have rotated versions of their glyphs. While normally, open and pini would look like open and pini, they can also look like open2 and pini2. kama and weka are synonyms to open and pini, but kama has the additional meaning of "become."

Examples ▼

soweli li open konta e jan

Animals are starting to understand people.

aketi mi eta pini moku e lo

My lizard has stopped drinking water.

mi pini e kalama. kalama ni li suli ike

I'm stopping the noise. This noise is badly loud.

awen means "to continue to," or "to keep," but it also means "to wait" or "to stand still."

Examples ▼

suno li awen tawa

The sun keeps moving.

mi awen kute e kalama lili

I keep hearing this little noise.

onta means "to repeat," and can be translated as "again." This is different to awen, because awen is a continuing action, and onta starts and stops the action repeatedly. They might be translated similarly, but they're different. onta also refers to rythms, beats, waves and blinking.

Examples ▼

si onta tiju e linja

You're stretching that rope again.

mi eki kokan onta no

I will try not to blink.

sona means "to know how to." By itself it refers to knowledge and farmiliarity.

Examples ▼

soweli sona sapi e tomo ona

Animals know how to clean their homes.

mi sona e si

I know you.

ken means "to be permitted to physically," like the word "can" in English.

Examples ▼

tomo mi e jaki. mi ken no weka e on

My house is messy. I can't remove it.

anku means "supposed to."

Examples ▼

mi anku weka

I'm supposed to leave.

peson means "have to," but it can also mean "need, require." wilen means "want to."

Examples ▼

si peson pini pali e ni

You have to stop doing that.

on li wilen moku

It wants to eat.

It's hungry.

wilen moku is how you say "hungry." You could also say wilen e moku, but wilen moku is faster.

As you saw earlier, preverbs can be stacked, and you can have multiple of them affecting each other.

mi anku onta awen open wilen kokan pesoni ken tawa

I'm supposed to continue to start to want to try to need to be allowed to move again.

Preverbs are relatively simple compared to other facets of Toki Pawole. The rest of this step will be about this new vocab:

alasa alasa - chase, pursue, forage, hunt, search
kala2 kala - swim, fish
nena nena - nose
latijo latijo - info, news, data
lapisa lapisa - scribble, doodle, symbol, write
kulupu kulupu - group, bunch, clique, club, organization, company
apeja apeja - shame, guilt, blame, single out
atali atali - respect, honor, dignified
liso liso - laugh, joke, joy, happy
malamon malamon - hate, loathe, envy, despise
monsuta monsuta - fear, monster, scary, afraid
utala utala - battle, conflict, fight, strike, war, challenge

pilin

For words like utala utala, atali atali, apeja apeja, malamon malamon, monsuta monsuta or even wolin, from past lessons, you can use pilin after them to show that you feel those emotions.

mi pilin utala

I feel agressive.

I feel aggravated.

mi pilin atali

I feel respected.

mi pilin apeja

I feel ashamed.

I feel disrespected.

apeja and atali in particular can be used in the verb spot to mean "respect, compliment" or "insult, single out, shame" respectively.

mi pilin malamon

I feel bitter.

I feel hateful.

mi pilin monsuta

I feel scared.

I feel scary.

mi pilin monsuta can mean "I feel scary" and "I feel scared" at the same time.

mi pilin wolin

I feel romantic.

I feel lovely.

Difference between sona and latijo

sona refers to knowledge, things you are familiar with because you've experienced them yourself. I might "know" who a celebrity is, but I've never interacted with them. latijo refers to things or data that you haven't interacted meaningfully with, like news or info.

on li onta pana e latijo

They're spewing jargon again.

Colors

All the Lapisa Pawole glyphs that refer to colors have these triangles in them. This comes from the glyph for ito ito, which depicts light going through a prism. All the color words can refer to the colors themselves, or be used as a modifier.

mi pesoni moku e kili alani ni

I'm supposed to eat these oranges.

Difference between sitelen and lapisa

sitelen means "image," but more specifically, visual representations that are fairly literal. If I draw a photorealistic picture of you, that's sitelen. However, if it's more abstract like a cartoon, that's lapisa. The Mandarin Chinese symbol for water 火 is lapisa, along with letters of the alphabet.

on li onta pana e latijo

They're spewing jargon again.

Here, try it for yourself! See if you can translate the sentence from Toki Pawole to English, then click on the spoiler to reveal it. (Remember that Toki Pawole sentences can mean a wide variety of different things, so it doesn't matter if your translations aren't exact.)

si kokan pakala e tomo mi

You're trying to ruin my house.

mi sona lapisa e nimi ni

I know how to write this word.

And see if you can translate these from English to Toki Pawole.

group keeps trying to humiliate me.

kulupu ona li awen apeja e mi

I can't see!

mi ken no lukin

kokan open pini awen onta sona

ken anku kama weka jaki sapi

suwi peson wilen aketi ito sini

loje laso weta jelo unu alani

kapesi lukin sitelen kute kalama lupa

alasa kala nena latijo lapisa kulupu

In this step, we went over 42 new words, in total that's 104 out of 312 Toki Pawole words, and next, we'll introduce 42 new ones!

(Next is Step 5 - Shapes and Sensory)

To Step 5

Step 5 - Shapes and Sensory

Covers: -

jojosin jojosin - pillar, stake, pen
leko leko - stairs, block, square, brick
misita misita - knot, tangled, mixed
natu natu - intersection, overlap, junction
palisa palisa - branch, stick, plank
poti poti - mountain, hill, knob
selo selo - skin, peel, shell
sike sike - circle, disk, ball
supa supa - table, floor, horizontal surface, chair
tolu tolu - pipe, tube, tunnel

You may notice that this step introduces less vocabulary than others. That’s because this step is primarily focused on how to use vocabulary, and we’ll be adding more words later on. In Toki Pawole, it's often easier to refer to an object by its shape rather than its purpose.

For example, a straw could be called ilo moku ilo moku, meaning "consuming tool." But when it's surrounded by other consuming tools, like a cup, spoon, or plate, it can be unclear which ilo moku you're referring to.

Fortunately, the solution is simple. Straws are tolu tolu. Cups are poki poki. Spoons have dents in them to hold things, so they could be lupa lupa (Two words we learned before.) Plates are flat and hard horizontal surfaces, so they are supa supa.

mina kama lukin e natu
mina kama lukin e natu
We've started seeing the intersection.

jojosin ni li awen e tomo
jojosin ni li awen e tomo
These pillars stabilize the building.

Along with the shapes of things, you can talk about the materials of things. leko leko for "brick" might be sufficient, but what if you need to talk about what material the bricks are?

katipa katipa - heavy, thick, solid
kiwen kiwen - metal, gold, iron
ko ko - dough, cream, paste
konsi konsi - air, gas, breath
kowon kowon - cotton, fluffy, light
len len - cloth, clothing, fabric
lepo lepo - dust, powder, dry, germ, bacteria
lona lona - stone, rock, hard
mojato mojato - wet, soggy
nalama nalama - springy, gel, gum
piliti piliti - firm, tight
pume pume - smoke, steam
tapa tapa - rubber, latex, plastic
tiwata tiwata - glass, cup, transparent

supa ni e katipa
supa ni e katipa
These chairs are firm.

supa si li pilin ko
supa si li pilin ko
This bed feels squishy.

mi eta pana e lona. ona eta pakala e tiwata si
mi eta pana e lona. ona eta pakala e tiwata si
I was throwing rocks. The rocks ruined your window.

mi wilen e len kowon ni
mi wilen e len kowon ni
I want this fluffy cloth.
I want this blanket.

len can also mean "to cover," like you would with clothes and cloth.

si jo e leko lona. on li wilen e leko tapa
si jo e leko lona on li wilen e leko tapa
You have stone bricks. I want plastic bricks.

ewin ewin - nail, claw, horn
jun jun - hair, wool, fur
koli koli - tail, stem, queue
lawa lawa - head, mind
noka noka - foot, leg
paso paso - arm, appendage, kick
sanke sanke - blood, sap, bleed
tesan tesan - teeth, bone, tusk, bite
tijelo tijelo - body, shape, figure
titi titi - chest, breast, nipple
uta uta - mouth, lips, kiss
wa wa - egg, seed

All of these words refer to body parts, but some of these have other meanings. tijelo tijelo also refers to the shapes of things. koli also means to follow. When body parts are used as the verb, it can sometimes mean "apply," so X li luka X means "X applies their hand to X."

tijelo lapisa e leko
tijelo lapisa e leko
The shapes of your drawings are blocky.

soweli li ken no koli e si
soweli li ken no koli e si
The dog can't follow you.

titi mi li pilin ike
titi mi li pilin ike
My chest feels bad.

tesan ni e kiki e tiju
tesan ni e kiki e tiju
These teeth are long and sharp.

aja aja - life, living, birth
moli moli - dead, kill
one one - weak, unprepared
wawa wawa - strong, strength
sewi sewi - divine, sacred, religious
jala jala - state, condition

One thing Toki Pawole fixes from toki pona is this: In toki pona "mi moli" can mean both "I kill," and "I am dead." However, "I am dead" in Toki Pawole is mi e moli and "I kill" is just mi moli.

mi malamon e aja mi
mi malamon e aja mi
I hate my life.

kulupu monsuta ni eki moli e mina
kulupu monsuta ni eki moli e mina
That group of monsters is going to kill us.

jala tomo ni li monsuta e mi
jala tomo ni li monsuta e mi
This state of building scares me.

mi atali e ijo sewi
mi atali e ijo sewi
I respect sacred things.

pan li one e mi. kili li wawa e mi
pan li one e mi. kili li wawa e mi
Bread weakens me. Fruit strenthens me.

Finally, here's an interesting detail about the word lukin lukin. If you want to say "You look good," your first instinct might be to translate it like this:

si lukin pona
si lukin pona

But this actually means:

You look well. (As in "You're good at looking" or "Your vision is good.")

To say someone appears attractive "You are good-looking" you need to treat lukin as describing appearance, not the act of seeing. So, we flip the words and say:

si e pona lukin
si e pona lukin
You are good-looking.

Now that we've finished with this new vocab, try it for yourself! See if you can translate the sentence from Toki Pawole to English, then click on the spoiler to reveal it. (Remember that Toki Pawole sentences can mean a wide variety of different things, so it doesn't matter if your translations aren't exact.)

tomo ni e monsuta lukin. mi li wilen weka.

This house looks scary. I want to go.

paso mi li sanke. soweli eta tesan e mi

My arm is bleeding. An animal bit me.

And see if you can translate these from English to Toki Pawole.

You gave wet food.

si eta pana e moku mojato

I'm looking at this glass.

mi lukin e tiwata mi

katipa kiwen ko konsi kowon len

lepo lona mojato nalama piliti pume

tapa tiwata jojosin leko misita natu

palisa poti selo sike supa tolu

aja ewin jun koli lawa moli

noka paso sanke titi uta wa

tijelo one wawa tesan sewi jala

In this step, we went over 42 new words, in total that's 146 out of 312 Toki Pawole words, and next, we'll introduce 42 new ones!

(Next is Step 6 - Prepositions)

To Step 6

Step 6 - Prepositions

Covers: 8a 8b 8c

utoli utoli - higher, elevated, up
anpa anpa - lower, beneath, below
monsi monsi - back, rear, behind
sinpin sinpin - front, face, wall
insa insa - center, inside, organs
nesi nesi - outside, surroundings

All these words talk about the "sides" of things. Insides, outsides, front sides, and this is because this whole step is about prepositions!

In Toki Pawole, prepositions are words that show the position of something relative to something else, or introduce an object. But don't be fooled: e introduces direct objects, and prepositions introduce indirect ones.

Prepositions in English are words like "to," "through," "via," "above," or "of." Sometimes you can introduce an indirect object without a preposition, like in "Give me the book." In this sentence, "me" is the indirect object, and there's no preposition introducing it.

To start, the way you say "at" or "in" is with the Toki Pawole word in in. Prepositions can go after subjects, objects and verbs.^[8a]

mi e in tomo

I'm at the house.

Adding in after one of the 7 words from earlier specifies what part of the object the thing is at. For example, for the front of the house, use sinpin sinpin.

mi e in sinpin tomo

I'm at the front of the house.

I'm in front of the house.

in supa means "on top of." Compare this to in utoli which means "above."

pume li tawa in utoli jan

Smoke moves above people.

kili e in supa leko

A fruit is on top of that block.

ona li lakima in monsi jojosin ni

They're crying behind that pillar.

lipu si e in insa poki mi

Your book is in my bag.

no e in nesi tomo

Nothing is outside.

There is nothing outside.

mi in anpa suno li moku e kili

mi moku in anpa suno e kili

mi moku e kili in anpa suno

I eat fruits under the sun.

You can say "to" and "from" using ki ki and tan tan. tan in particular also refers to origins and causes. kansa kansa means "with."

si wilen pana ki mi e lipu mi

You want to give my book to me.

You want to give me my book.

ni e pona ki mi

This is good to me.

mi e tan tomo ni

I am from this house.

mi moku kansa kulupu mi

I eat with my family.

More preposition related vocab!

into into - place, area, region
unte unte - length, distance, space
umi umi - ocean, sea, lake
nupesa nupesa - cloud, sky, rain
peman peman - agreement, deal, trust
kalite kalite - kind, type, category, quality
kanun kanun - law, rules, legal
kasuka kasuka - command, order, dictate
nata nata - relation, connection
pimeja pimeja - dark, black
walo walo - white, pale
sanjo sanjo - light, glow, brightness
nasin nasin - way, path, means, road
suwa suwa - choice, choose

mi tawa in into moku

I'm going in the kitchen.

in nasin can mean both "in the way" or "on the way."

ijo e in nasin sanjo suno. ni li pali e pimeja

Things are in the way of the light of the sun. This makes shadows.

mi tawa in nasin tomo pali

I'm walking on the way to the work building.

on li pilin lakima ki si

I'm sad towards you.

ma, along with talking about the ground, can talk about points in space too. tenpo tenpo is a new word that refers to points in time and the concept of time itself. ka ka is another new word that refers to moments and eras in time.

ma ni li monsuta no. si eta pilin monsuta tan no

This place isn't scary. You felt scared from nothing.

poti li kama tan anpa ma

Mountains come from underground.

waso lo e in umi

Water birds are at the pond.

Ducks are at the pond.

ka e pini

The moment's over.

All of the prepositions we've been talking about so far are spacial. Temporal prepositions are ones that refer to time and how differents in time are related. Toki Pawole has epelen epelen "after, future" and pisile pisile "before, past" for its temporal prepositions. (Remember that prepositions can only compare nouns, and not parts of sentences.)

si open toki pisile pini toki mi

You started talking before the end of my speech.

open e epelen ni

open sitelen e epelen ni

The start of the movie is after this.

Comparative prepositions compare the similarity, difference, degree of two things. Think phrases like "same as," "like," or "better than" in English. The way you do this in Toki Pawole is with the preposition se se.

ajela ajela - most, highest
alen alen - more, beyond
meso meso - middle, medium, so-so
meno meno - least, minimum
paku paku - less, trapped, bounded, trap, snare, block, jail
sama sama - same, fellow, kin
ante ante - different, changed

on e pona alen se sina

She is more good than you guys.

The quality goes first. In this case it's pona, or "goodness." The degree does next, one of those 7 new words. In this case, it's alen, "more than." Then se, the preposition, and finally what you're comparing, sina. Those 7 words can also be used as content words by themselves.^[8b]

soweli li tawa ante se mina

Animals move differently than us.

In some sentences, like this one, there is no quality. In this case for verbs, we assume manner. The quality is how the verb is being performed. You can also repeat se for more complex prepositions.^[8c]

on e in meso se kaje suli se tomo tiju

It's between the big tree and the tall building.

poti pi lili ajela e in ni

The smallest mountain is over there.

poti pi suli meno e in ni

The smallest mountain is over there.

ona li ken tawa pi wiki alen se si

They can run faster than you.

mute mute - many, a lot
na na - couple, multiple
sin sin - new, young
majuna majuna - old, aged
lapen lapen - sleep, rest

jan wawa li jo e ijo mute alen se jan one

Strong people have more things than weak people.

jan sin li toki ante se mi

Children speak differently than me.

aja en moli e ijo ante no

Life and death are not different things.

Finally, here are some miscellaneous prepositions. kepeken kepeken means "using," and it can also mean "use." It is similar to the English word "via." ulun ulun means "away from," and uten uten means "without."

mi kepeken e ilo ni

I'm using this tool.

ilo ni li tawa kepeken nupesa

This tool moves using the wind.

mi eta lukin e sanjo ulun mi

I saw a light far away from me.

si ken no paku e jan uten kanun

You can't imprison people without rules.

ona li ante e sinpin in tomo kala

They are changing the walls in the aquarium.

kili e in meso pan

There is fruit in between that bread.

lapen e sama moli

Sleeping is like dying.

And see if you can translate these from English to Toki Pawole. (Remember that there are multiple places the preposition can appear.)

The underside of the cabinet is rough.

anpa poki e kiki

Birds can't go in this room.

waso (in into ni) li ken no tawa (in intawo ni).

waso li ken no tawa in into ni

These bears are very new.

soweli ni e sin mute

I saw a couple of people at the school.

mi (in tomo sona) eta lukin (in tomo sona) e jan na (in tomo sona)

mi eta lukin e jan na in tomo sona

into unte peman kalite kanun kasuka

nata nupesa pimeja walo sanjo umi

kepeken in kansa ki tan ulun

meno meso mute se nasin suwa

utoli anpa monsi sinpin insa nesi

na lapen sama ka sin majuna

uten epelen tenpo pisile ajela alen

In this step, we went over 42 new words, in total that's 188 out of 312 Toki Pawole words, and next, we'll introduce 36 new ones!

(Next is Step 7 - Infinitives & Numbers)

To Step 7

Step 8 - Conversation

Covers: 4b 4c 4d 4e 15a 15b 16a 16b

mama mama - parent, ancestor, creator, caretaker
sinko sinko - child, son, daughter, baby
pata pata - sibling, cousin, kin, equals
ami ami - friend, amiable, friendly, nice

enujo enujo - boredom, dullness, bore, annoying
wala wala - surprise, surprised, shocked
lakima lakima - sadness, tears, cry, sad

waleja waleja - context, topic, relevant, important

sa sa - current situation, current surroundings, here, now

In the new vocabulary we have three more emotion words, plus ami. All four of them can be used with pilin, just like the other emotion words.

mi pilin wala

I feel surprised.

mi isipin te on li ami lukin

I think they look friendly.

tijato li enujo e pilin mi

Math bores my feelings.

on eta pilin lakima. si pali te on li pilin pona

She felt sad. You make her feel good.

waleja refers to things that are relevant or important, and can also refer to context itself.

on eta toki te ni e waleja no

They told me that that wasn't important.

sa means "here" and "now" at the same time. To differentiate between them, you can say tenpo sa "now" or ka sa "this moment," or ma sa "here" or into sa "this area."

mi sona te ona li open kama ki sa

I know that they are starting to come here.

Toki Pawole also has words for specific directions. The way you talk about somethings direction specifically is complicated, as there is no word for direction itself. The closest approximations are nasin, "way" or lukin "sight, the direction of looking." Despite this, the words for specific directions are:

soto soto - left
teje teje - right

note note - north
asuma asuma - east
sute sute - south
ositen ositen - west

And here's some more vocab:

imeni imeni - music, sing, song, play
musi musi - fun, art, play
kela kela - game, sport, play
pati pati - party, celebration, holiday

taki taki - attach, stick, glue, magnet, tack
kipisi kipisi - divide, split, cut

kuton kuton - pain

nupesa li tawa ki ositen

The wind is moving west.

mina eki musi in umi teje

We will play in the lake to the right.

ilo note li lukin ki nasin mina

The compass looks to our path.

a a - hey! ouch! oh! so!
kin kin - too, indeed! also
n n - hmm, mmm

ale ale - all (of a group)
osa osa - piece, part, compartment, slice

nimi nimi - name, word

Since we only introduced kipisi this step, we didn't mention how to divide numbers. kipisi is the word for "divided by," and it's also how you say fractions. Decimal points are marked by osa. onta is how you say "repeating."

wan no kipisi san e san osa san onta

10 kipisi2 3 e 3osa23 onta

Ten divided by three is three point three repeating.

In English and other natural languages, there are words that don't really mean anything, and serve a conversational purpose. Words like "hello," "oops," "goodbye," "hey," "ah," "hmm..." and many more. The way to say "hello" or "goodbye" in Toki Pawole is toki! Like you're announcing a conversation. There are other ways, but this is the most simple.

toki!

toki

Hello!

The only way to make a sentence end with an exclamation point is with these types of words, called interjections. pona and ike can be simple interjections, meaning "good!" or "bad!" pakala is an interjection that menas "oops!" mi pakala can be used to say "I made a mistake," or "I'm sorry."

si eta moku e moku mi

You ate my food.

mi pakala

I'm sorry.

ale e pona "everything's good" can be a good way to say "it's okay." pona ki si "good to you" is a way to say "thanks." None of these are set, and can mean different things due to context.

a is a new word that you can put for emphasis. It adds emotion to sentences. You can repeat it for laughing, a a a, or stretch it for screaming or understanding.^[15b] aaaaaa Try that sentence from earlier.

si eta moku e moku mi

You ate my food.

A little dry, huh? They don't sound as mad as they should be.

si eta moku e moku mi a!

si eta moku e moku mi a

You ate my food!

Much better. You can also move a to emphasize different parts.

si a eta moku e moku mi!

si a eta moku e moku mi

YOU ate my food!

n is for humming or hesitation. It breaks a phonotactic rule, but it's a particle so who cares. You can stretch it like a for more hesitation.^[15b] kin is like "too," or "indeed." It cannot be stretched, but it can be used like the word "also."

ijo ni e alani. ijo si e alani kin!

ijo ni e alani. ijo si e alani kin

This thing is orange. Your thing is orange too!

Interjections can stand on their own, or modify another word. Sometimes sentences are just a word and an interjection.^[15a]

Sentences in Toki Pawole can get long. In any language, you can stuff as much information as you want in one sentence, however, in Toki Pawole sentences shouldn't get too long. A way to avoid this is if you're talking about something specific that's already been mentioned.^[16a]

ilo u utala kiwen

hammer

If necessary, you can call it an ilo u utala kiwen at first, but talking about it later, you can use ni, ilo, or ilo ni. Toki Pawole follows Grice's Maxims, where when speaking, you have to have:

1. As much information necessary, but not too much. If I'm asking you to grab a tomato instead of other fruit, I only need to specify that the tomatoes are red when there are other colored tomatoes nearby. However, I can't leave out the tomato part, because there are other fruit nearby.

2. Say what you believe is true. This is different than "don't lie," more like "don't lie for no reason." If I ask for a tomato but I wanted a spoon, I should have asked for a spoon and not a tomato. If I ask for a spoon, I expect a normal spoon, not a rubber one.

3. Be relevant. Don't say things that wouldn't matter, or things that would be mixed up with things in a certain context.

4. Be clear. Probably the hardest one to follow in a contextual language. The point is to convey your message to the other person properly.

The way to quote other people is by using the word waleja to mean "about."

on eta toki waleja kili

He spoke about fruit.

on eta toki waleja "kili li moku pona"

on eta toki waleja kili li moku pona

He said "Fruit is good food."

In conversations, usually you're talking to a person with a name. But how do you translate names to Toki Pawole?

First off, all names are words in Toki Pawole, but not a part of the standard lexicon.^[4b] All names start with capital letters, and names made out of multiple words have words starting with capital letters.^[4d]^[4e]

Second, names can have a head word if you're introducing them for the first time,^[4c] for example: tomo tiju Big Ben means "Big Ben," but you're specifying that it's the tower. However, this would be wrong since Big Ben actually refers to the bell, and not the actual tower itself. You can drop the head word once there's enough context.

This is all you need for names in Toki Pawole, and they can stay how they're spelled in other languages. But this means people who speak Toki Pawole might not know how to pronounce the foreign name, so you'll need to transcribe it. You can do this by following the phonotactics of Toki Pawole, to come up with something that sounds like the original name, but is pronouncable and spellable. Here are some rules:

Keep pronounciation, not spelling. Jane is a valid Toki Pawole name, but pronounced it sounds similar to "Yanay." The word Sen sounds more like "Jane."

Keep around the same number of syllables. Sometimes you can insert vowels between consonant clusters, like "Malcolm" becoming Malukan, but names with lots of consonant clusters, like "Throckmorton," inserting vowels in the middle will end up with the name being too long.

Be creative! This is your name. My name is two_squared, but in Toki Pawole I would call myself Tu Leko instead of something like Tusuwe or Tukuwe. "Squared" is a hard consonant cluster, and anyway, It makes my name unique. Don't do anything that would seem unreasonable, but here you can bend the rules a bit.

Always use prefered names, or endonyms. Germany doesn't call itself Germany, instead calling itself Deutschland. In Toki Pawole, the name Deutschland is prefered over Germany, because it's what the nation calls itself.

Remove redundant information. The "-stan" in Khazakhstan means "land." so to remove redundant information, it should be called "ma Kasa." Also, when talking about a nation, it would be better if the name for the people and the name for the nation is the same, but this is not a hard rule.

With all that out of the way, see if you can follow this conversation between two people. Click on spoilers to reveal how I translated sentences. (Remember that Toki Pawole sentences can mean a wide variety of different things, so it doesn't matter if your translations aren't exact.)

toki, jan Tante!

Hello, Dante!

toki, jan Owen

Hello, Owen.

mi in ka suno pisile eta lukin te kulupu si imeni

Yesterday I saw your band play.

wala a! mi eta lukin no e si

Surprising! I didn't see you.

mi sona no e nanpa pi imeni u si imeni e ona

I don't know the number of the song you played.

mina li imeni e imeni nanpa wan, e imeni nanpa san, e imeni nanpa kata, e imeni nanpa jepa

We played songs #1, #3, #4 and #7.

imeni nanpa kata e pona ki mi

Song #4 is good to me.

mi peson weka, li peson imeni in ma ante

I have to leave, to play somewhere else.

jatila no. toki!

No problem. Bye!

toki!

Goodbye.

nimi ale osa a kin n

mama sinko pata imeni talili taki

musi kela kuton teje soto kipisi

ami enujo isipin wala waleja lakima

sa pati note sute ositen asuma

In this step, we went over 30 new words, in total that's 254 out of 312 Toki Pawole words, and next, we'll introduce 30 new ones!

(Next is Step 9 - Questions)

To Step 9